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Put Option

A contract giving the right, but not the obligation, to sell an asset at a set price before expiration.

Also called: put · puts · long put

In plain language

A put buyer profits when the underlying falls below the strike price by more than the premium paid. Maximum loss is the premium.

Puts are widely used as insurance. Holding a stock and buying a put creates a floor under the position, at the cost of the premium.

They are also the defined-risk alternative to short selling, avoiding both unlimited loss and borrow costs — but with time working against you.

Seen on a chart

The payoff of a long call option, with loss capped at the premium and unlimited upsideunderlying price →STRIKEbreak evenmax loss = premiumupside
Below the strike the loss is fixed at the premium paid. Above it the payoff rises one-for-one, breaking even once the move covers the premium.

Why it matters

A protective put caps downside at a known price without the gap risk of a stop order, because the right to sell at the strike does not depend on liquidity.

Common mistakes

  • Buying puts only after volatility has already spiked, when premium is most expensive.
  • Treating puts as cheap insurance without accounting for how quickly that cost accumulates.

Keep exploring

These concepts are connected. Understanding one usually makes the next one easier.